Quantum Computing


I read some news today about Australian researchers who theoretically developed a new chip design that incorporates a flip-flop design, using the same material and technology used today. Now, in theory this would make quantum computing much more affordable and faster to develop to the point where anyone could get a quantum computer as easy as they can buy a laptop or phone today. The big question is, why does it even matter? What's so great about quantum computing?


Quantum Computing

Now, a very simplified explanation was provided by Canadian Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, back in 2016 at a press conference. We can see that here:

Source: Youtube, CBC News

Now, Trudeau's explanation, although simplified, gives the general idea of why technology like this is so important. As most people know, doing anything with a computer, or anything with a chip in it, is just massive combinations of a circuit saying "1" or "0", albeit very complex combinations.

A metaphor that I really like is using stones. Let's say that you have 4 stones in front of you, each stone has one side that's colored black, and the other side color white. Black can be considered a "1", and white "0" just like how standard computer bits are. Now with normal computers, a given stone, or bit, can be "1" or 0", but with these special quantum bits, you can have a single stone be black, white, or both at the same time, and the way we control what side of the stone shows depends on if we're "looking" at the stone or not, we can "command" it to be black or white, or otherwise it constantly both colors. Again this is a very simplified explanation, but basically, you can have a 1,0, or both at the same time

Now sure, that's cool but what does that mean for every day computing?
Well, this allows computer to be even smarter than before. Let's say you're trying to explain to a child what direction Northeast is, when they already know what North and East are. What would you say? You could say that Northeast is halfway between North and East. Simple enough. Now imagine you had to explain that every single time you gave that child direction. Constantly, over and over saying "halfway between North and East". That's essentially how computers work today. Quantum bits can "remember" that Northeast is halfway between North and East just the first time you tell it that. Saves a lot of time doesn't it?

The Big Picture

Metaphors and all are fun, but what's it mean numerically? Does it really make that big of a difference? Well, here's a cool fun fact: a single quantum bit (qubits) can do two calculations, 2 qubits can do four calculations, so at that rate 30 quibits can perform 30 billion calculations, massively outperforming modern bits today at an exponential rate. 
With the way research is going, it looks like computing is only going to get faster and faster, exponentially faster.

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